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OSI model, Session Layer

1 minute read

The session layer provides the mechanism for opening, closing and managing a session between end-user application processes, i.e., a semi-permanent dialogue.

OSI model, Transport Layer

1 minute read

The protocols of the transport layer provide host-to-host communication services for applications.

OSI model, Physical Layer

1 minute read

The physical layer includes the basic network hardware transmission technologies of a network. It is a fundamental layer that underlies the logical data stru...

OSI model, Network Layer

less than 1 minute read

The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding including routing through intermediate routers and it also manages quality of service (QoS), and recog...